Flying machine



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entree srnra THOMAS MILTON FINLEY, OF- ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

FLYING MACHINE.

l tlimlt s refra n orricao Application filed February 2 7, 1920. SerialNo. 361,861.

-' I V T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that THOMAS M. FINLEY, a citizenof the United States,residing at St. Louis, in the county of St. Louis City and State ofMissouri, has invented certain new and useful Improvements in FlyingMachines, of which the following is a specification.

Theinvention relates to improvements in flying machines of the Zeppelintype.

The object of the present invention is to improve the construction offlying machines of the Zeppelin travel or propulsion by upward movementwill have its resistance.

reduced to a minimum; I

Another-object of the invention 'isto providea flying machine equippedwith inte rior framework of a strength which will onble it to beconstructed much lighter than has heretofore been possible with flyingma chines of this type, thereby reducing the weight withoutdecreasingthe strength.

Another objectof the invention is to provide a supporting frameworkhaving a cenat the desired speed.

tral truss or backbone adapted to afford the requisite strength andstability and capable exceedingly light famework supporting the outerskin or covering.

A further object of the invention is to enable the power plants to berigidly connected with the interior supporting framework-and to permitwithout injury to the machine the application of the necessary amount,of

.power to overcome the resistance encountered by the machine and propelthe latter A further object of the invention is to enable the machine byreason of the rigid connection of the power plants with the interiorframework to derive all of the advantages or benefits resulting fromthegyro;

'pe'lin type having su cient stren scopic effect of the propellerswithout lie bility' of injury to the machine.

The invention also has for its object to provide a machine of thischaracter having sufficient strength to enable it to stand up with itsgas bags or containers ina deflated condition whereby the flying machinewill be able to sustain and maintain itself firmly on the surface of theground when desired bythe operator.

Furt tion to provide a fiyin ermore it is the object of the invenmachineof the Zeph interiorly and exteriorly toenable lan ing gear to be emloyed and the machine to .efiect a landing in a manner similar to" thelanding of machines of the aeroplane type, that is with the machinelanding on the ground heavier than air and held on the ground under itsown weight, A further object of the invention is to enable the machineto be equipped with gas control mechanism for pumping down""-the gaswhen the lifting power of the sameis not required or it becomesnecessary to take care of the expansion without the loss of gas in theascent of the machine and for returning the pumped down'gas. to thegas'bags or containers vof.

of this type. r

A further object of the invention is 'to enable all rudder and elevatorplanes to be so arranged at the rear of the cabin as to leave the bodyof the-machine clear of any thing that would increase overheadresistanceor strain on the framework of body.

Another object of the invention is to en a'ble the gas control mechanismto be arranged so that the operators will be able to pump down the gasfrom either end of the machine while leaving the opposite end infiatedand also from one side or other of the machine whereby the trim orequilibrium of the machine both longitudinally and transversely may bemaintained by the gas control and thereby obviate the necessity of canrying the large elevator planes used on othe machines of this type.

Another object of the invention is' to provide a flying machine of theZeppelin type having a body substantially circular in cross-section andtapered at the ends and provided at the bottom with a shallowlongitudinal indentation adapted to afford the machine as required,thereby eliminating the necessity for ballast loads that are required onall other machines a descent resisting bottom surface and at the sametime enable the cabin and the power plants to extend or be arrangedextteriorly of the body and at the same time occupy positions within theactual radius of the body for reducing the resistanc and overhead dragof the machine and to enable the power to be applied within the radiusof the machine and near the center of the resistance encountered by themachine in'the propulsion of the latter.

\Vith these and other objects in view, the invention consists in theconstruction and novel combination and arrangement of part-s hereinafterfully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and pointedout in the claims hereto appended, it being understood that variouschanges in the form, proportion, and minor details of constructionwithin the scope of the claims may be resorted to without departing fromthe spirit or sacrificing any of the advanta es of the invention.

11 the drawings, in which like characters of reference designatecorresponding parts in the several figures:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a flying machine constructed inaccordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a rear elevation of the same.

Figure 3 .is a central longitudinal sectional view of the front portionof the machine.

Figure 4 is a similar view of the rear portion of the machine.

Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view of the machine illustrating theconstruction of the approximately circular transverse frames of theinterior framework.

Figure 6 is a transverse sectional view through the machine at a pointbetween the transverse frames illustrating the arrangement of the gasbags or containers and the compressed gas sacks or receptacles and theirconnections with oneanother and with the compressor.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of the frontportion of the machine illustrating the arrangement of the gas bags orcontainers and the gas sacks or receptacles in which the hydrogen gas iscompressed, parts being omitted for clearness.

Figure 8 is a similar view of the rear portion of the machine.

In the accompanying drawings in which is illustrated one embodiment ofthe invention the flying machine, which is of the Zeppelin type has abody provided with an outer skin or covering 1 and tapered at its frontand rear ends 2 and 3 and substantially v circular in cross-section andclosely approximating the conventional shape of the body of machines ofthe Zeppelin type. The body of the machine is provided at the bottomsisting of a substantially flat central portion 5 and inclined sidportions 6 extending downwardly and outwardly from the substantiallyflat intermediate or central portion 5 and referably curved as shown topresent slight y concave portions. By this construction the lower faceof the body is slightly concave transversely of'the body and is adaptedto offer resistance to the downward movement of the body in the descentor settling of the same and increas-, ing the resistance in settlingover this type of machines having its body continuously curved andpresenting a rounded or convex face at the bottom as in Zeppelinmachines of the conventional form. The width of the lower face of thebody at the shallow indentation is .preferably equal to the length ofthe radius of the body and the shallow indentation 4 enables power plantcasings 7' and a cabin 8 to be arranged exteriorly of the body ofthemachine at the bottom thereof and substantially within an are describedby the radius of the body.

The power plants and the cabin by virtue.

of this arrangement are brought closer to the center of the body of themachine than the cabins and power plants of other machines of theZeppelin type and this arrangement reduces the resistance to the forwardmovement of the machine and also lessens the overhead drag and at thesame time enables the power to be applied nearer to the center ofresistance than has heretofore been possible with machines of this type.

The outer skin or covering 1 which may be of any suitable material issup orted by an interior framework prefera ly constructed .of laminatedwood but any suitable material either wood or metal or a combination ofthe same may be employed in the construction of the interior framework.Laminated wood however has been found to possess the requisite strengthand is pre ferred on account of its lightness as compared with metal.The interior framework 13 and 14: and inclined diagonally arranged i thelongitudinal taper tapered end portions 11 and 12 of the longitudinaltruss or backbone are provided with marginal frame members 17 and 18defining of the terminal portions of the truss and the extreme ends ofthe tapered portions are braced by angularly related frame members asindicated at 19 and 20 but the particular construction and arrangementof the frame elements of the longitudinal truss member may of course bevaried to suit the requirements and provide a framework of the desiredstrength. The longitudinal truss has its upper and lower edges or faceslocated centrally of the body at the top and bottom thereof andinteriorly of the same as shown The circular or approximately circulartransverse frame 10 is composed of vertical and horizontal frame members2-1 and and inclined cables 23 provided with tensoning devices 24 andarranged diagonally with relation to the angles formed by the verticaland horizontal frame members 21 and 22. These cables also extend to themarginal portions of the transverse frame at the sides thereof and tothe top of the truss and to the top portions ofthe transverse frame atopposite sides of the truss and are disposed at an angle to each otheras shown in Figure 5. The cables are also angularly' related at thebottom of the transverse frame and are perfectly balanced and produceuniform transverse tension throughoutthe frame 10. Frame 10 is alsoprovided with an outer encircling tensioningcable 25 which extendsaround the substantially circular frame being connected with thevertical and horizontal frame members at the terminals thereof. Atransverse frame is also provided with a marginal frame member 26 ofcircular form extending around the body from one side of the shallowbottom indentation to the opposite side thereof and the terminals of acontinuously curved frame member 26 are connected by a. bottom archedframe member 27 which defines the outline of the bottom indentationtransversely of the body. The encircling marginal tensioning cable 25 isdesigned to be provided at suitable intervals with tensioning devices 28and the tensioning devices of the various cables may be of any desiredconstruction. The lower portion of the marginal tensioning cable 25extends beneath the cabin 8 and assists in bracing and supporting thesame.

The cabin which may be of any desired construction extendslongitudinally of the machine from the tapered front end to the taperedrear end of the same and it is connected with the framework of themachine and is rigid with and directly supported by the frameworkstrength thereof. machine is provided at and contributes to the Theframework of the suitable intervals with substantially circular ribs 2%)consisting of continuously curved portions and arched bottom portions 30being similar in contour to the marginal frame member or element of thetransverse frame. The intermediate ribs 29 which are arranged atsuitable intervals for supporting the outer skin or covering of the bodyare connected with one another and with the transverse frames 10 at themargins thereof by suitable longitudinal frame elements or members 31which may be of any desired con struction and owing to the greatstrength of the framework of the machine centrally of the body by virtueof the longitudinal truss or backbone and the connection with the cabinthereto an exceedingly light outer cover supporting framework may beadvantageously employed. The great interior strength 0 the frameworkpermits this outer cover or skin supporting framework to be much lighterthan the corresponding structure in other machines of this type.

The frame of the machine is provided centrally of the body at the lowerportion there of with a longitudinal passage 32 defined by the sidewalls 33 parallel throughout the major portion of their length andpreferably curved at the top at 34 where they are united with thelongitudinal truss or backbone. These walls 33 may be of any suitablelaminated wood framework and they preferably coincide with and formcontinuations of the side walls 35 of the cabin 8 and they provide astructure of increased strength at the lower portion of the centralframework of the machine where the power is applied and thegreater-resistance and strain transmitted. Thiswill. afford a strongframework where ..the power is applied and will enable the requisiteamount of power to be used to overcome the resistance encountered by themachine and to propel the machine at the desired speed. A. propersupport for the application of the necessary power is thus providedandthe powergplants may be arranged at any desired point along themachine. The power plant casings whichare preferably tapered rearwardlyto provide a streamline efiect are located at opposite sides of thecabin which extends upwardly into the lower portion of the body of themachine so that a portion of the cabin is arranged interiorly andexteriorly of the body and the cabin is thereby enabled to beincorporated firmly and rigidly in the framework of the machine and toconstitute a part of a unitary framework or structure. The power plantcasings are provided with upwardly extending tubular portions or necks36 which are secured at their upper ends to the framework of the machinedirectly above the power plant casings an the said tubular portions 36communicate with lateral spaces or extensions 53? of the longitudinalpassage 32. The laterally extending spaces 37 are defined by top, sideand end walls 38 of laminated wood or other suitable material and theyafford passageways from the cabin to the power plant casings-and enableaccess to be readily had to the power plants. The power plants are alsoconnected at the inner sides of the casings with the sides of the cabinby suitable braces 39 and they are also connected by braces 40 and 4.1with the frameworkof the machine, the-braces 40 being located attheouter sides of the power plant casings and the braces 41 at the innersides as clearly shown in Figure 5 of the drawings. The power plantcasings will pre fer-ably be located at the front and rear ends of thecabin at opposite sides thereof and will be equipped with propellers 42and 43 but they may be arranged at any other desired points as would bereadily understood and the propellers will be tractor and pusherpropellers where required.

pThe flying machine owing to the rigid character of the interiorframework and the rigid connection of the cabin and the power plantswith the said framework will be equipped at opposite sidesof the cabinwith landing gear 44 which may be of any desired construction and whichwill be located at the front, back and at one or more intermediatepoints. The landing gear which will as shown be connected with the cabinand with, the framework of the machine ground under its own weight andwithout the anchoring or holding means ordinarily required for flyingmachines of this type.

The mam gas bags or containers which are arrii'iiged in two sets orseries and which are disposed within the body at opposite sides of thelongitudinal truss or backbone consists of front and rear end sect-ionsor containers 45 and 46 andintermediate sections or containers 47, andthe end gas bags or containers are disposed in pairs and are arranged atopposite sides of the longitudinal truss or backbone and within thetapered ends of the body. The intermediate gas bags or containersarelocated between the transverse frames at opposite sides of thelongitudinal truss or backbone and they conformto the configuration ofthe interior framework at the truss and the walls of the longitudinalpassage and also fit the interior of the body at the outer skin orcovering at the top, sides and bottom of the body. The gas bags orcontainers when fully inflated entirely fill the spaces provided forthem at opposite sides of the body which is provided at the bottom withsuitable air inlets 48 which permit air to enter the interior of thebody between the gas bags or containers and the covering of the body tofill the latter and supply the necessary volume of aeroform fluid withinthe body to take the place of the gas pumped from the gas bags orcontainers by the gas control mechanism.

The gas control mechanism which constitutes the subject matter of aseparate copending application comprises a compressor 49 preferablylocated within the upper portion of the passageway and connected bysuitable pipes or tubes with the gas bags or containers and also bysuitable pipe connections with sacks or receptacles 50 also locatedwithin the passageway and adapted to receive the gas pumped down or outcf the gas bags or containers located 'with-.

in the body between the passageway and the outer covering. As themachine ascends and the pressure of the atmosphere decreases the gas ispumped down to maintain the proper relation of the gas within themachine and the atmosphere exteri orly of the machine. This will obviatethe necessity of permitting the gas to escape and will also avoidcarrying ballastloads as the gas from the sacks or receptacles may bereturned to the gas bags or containers as the machine descends. Also bythe pumping of the gas from the ends of the body or from one end or oneside-while permitting the other end or side to be inflated the flyingmachine may be maintained in a trim condition or in equilibrium bothlongitudinally and transversely and the angle 7 or inclination of themachine may be controlled by means of the gas control as fully set forthin the aforesaid application.

The flying machine is equipped with steering mechanism located in rearof thecabin so as to leave the body of the machine clear of anythingthat would increase the overhead resistance. The steering mechanismwhich may be of any clesired construction is shown embodying a fixedvertical longitudinal .plane 51 which has its lower edge substantiallyin line with the bottom of the cabin and which at its upper edge followsthe taper of the rear end of the body. plane 52 is connectedto the rearend of the fixed vertical plane 51 and stabilizing and elevator planes53 and 54: are located at opposite sides of the fixed vertical plane 51and in advance of the rudder plane 52. Any suitable. operating means mayof course be employed for the hinged or movable planes of the steeringmechanism and while the steering mechanism is located in rear of the Ahinged vertical rudder cabin for the purpose explained it will beapparent that it will be effectivein controlling the machine as itoperates in the air operated on by The rear propellers of depthmaterially less than that of the radius (if the body, and a car or cabinextending from the body into the indentation and located partiallywithin the body.

2. A flying machine of the class described, including i. bodysubstantially circular in cross section, slightly indented from acircular shape at the bottom to provide a shallow longitudinal bottomindentation of a width approximately equal to the radius of the body andof a depth materially less than the said radius, and a car or cabinextending from the body into the indentation and located partiallywithin the body,

3. A flying machine of the class described, including a bodysubstantially circualr in cross section, tom to provide a shallowlongitudinal indentation, and a car or. cabin extending from the bodyinto the said indentation and located partially within'the latter andwithin the body. l

i. A flying machine of the class desc ribed, including a bodysubstantially circular in cross section and slightly, indented at thebottomfrom a circular shape to provide a shallow longitudinalindentation presenting at the bottom of the body a transversely concaveface consisting of a substantially flatcentral portion and curved sideportions extending downwardly from slightly indented at the bot-,2

the central portion, such shallow indenta tion being of a widthapproximately equal to the'radius of the body and having a depthmaterially less than the; said radius.

5. A flying machine of the class described, including a bodysubstantially circular in cross section and slightly indented at thebottom to provide a'shallow longitudinal indentation, ,and an interiorframework comprising a central longitudinal truss or backbone extendingfrom the top to the bottom of the body. i

6. A flying machine of the class described, including a bodysubstantially circular in cross section and tapered at the ends, saidbody being slightly indented at the bottom from a circular shape to forma shallow longitudinal indentation, and an interior framework extendingfrom the top to the bottom of the body throughout the entire length ofthe latter and having tapered end portions fitting the tapered ends ofthe body.

tending from the top to the bottom of i e 7. A flying machine of theclass described, including a body substantially circular in cross ectionand slightly indented at the bottom from a circular shape to form ashallow longitudinal indentation, an interior framework co prising acentral longitudinal truss extending from the top to the bottom of thebody throughout the entire length of the same and transverse forms ofsubstantially circular form arranged at intervals and rigid with thetruss, and a relatively long car or cabin rigid with the longitudinaltruss extending into the said bottom indentation.

8. A flying machineof the class described including a body substantiallycircular in cross-section, and an interior framework comprising acentral longitudinal truss composed of connected vertical and horizontalframe members and diagonal braces and extendingfroni the top to thebottom of the body and transverse frames of substantially circular formrigid with the body and com-' posed of vertical and horizontal membersand diagonal cables.

9. in flying machine of the class described including a bod"substantially circular in cross-section, andan interior frameworcomprising a central longitudinal truss composed of connected vertical.and horizontal frame members and diagonal braces and extending from thetop to the bottom of the body, transverse substantially circular framesrigid With the truss and substantially circular ribs connected with thetruss and located at intervals between the transverse frames.

10. A flying machine of the class described including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section, and an interior frameworkcomprising a central longitudinal truss cont-- posed of connectedvertical and horizontal frame members and diagonal braces and ex.-

body, transverse circular frames rigid with the truss, substantiallycircular ribs connect ed with the truss and located at inter nls betweenthe said frames and iengit members connecting the ribs and the 1 it,

11. A, flying machine of the class den :riioed including a bodysubstantialiy circul: in cross-section, an interiorframeworlr com"prising a. central longitudinal truss con..- posed of connected verticaland horizontal. frame members and. diagonai braces and tending from thetop to the bottom. of the body hroughout the length of the same,transverse circular frames rigid w the truss and arranged at intervalsand circular n gert conribs connected with the truss 1 between theframes, and gas tainers located at opposite sides of in two longitudinalsets or se 12-. A fiyingmaehine of the c' including a substantially chaving a shallow longitudinal indentation at the bottom forming adescent resisting lower face, and an interior framework comprising acentral longitudinal truss extending from the top to the bottom of thebody and approximately circular frame connected with the truss andhaving bottom portions conforming to the configuration of the shallowindentation.

13. A flying machine of the class described including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section and having a shallowlongitudinal indentation at the bottom, and an interior frameworkcomprising a longitudinal truss extending from the top to the bottom ofthe body throughout the length of the same and substantially circulartrans verse frames arranged at intervals and having arched bottom framemembers located at the said shallow indentation of the body.

14. A flying machine ofthe class described includin a substantiallycylindrical body provide at the bottom with a shallow longitudinalindentation a relatively long central longitudinal cabin located withinthe shallow indentation of the bottom of the body and substantiallywithin the radius of the said body, anda central longitudinal trussextending from the. top to the bottom of the body and rigidly connectedwith the cabin.

15. A flying machineof the class described I including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section provided at the bottom with ashallow longitudinal indentation and a cabin extending longitudinally ofthe body within the said indentation and located partially interiorlyand partially exteriorly of the body and arranged substantially withinthe radius of the body. lfif'A-fiying machine of the class describedincluding a body substantially circular in cross-section provided at thebottom with a shallow longitudinal indentation, an interior frameworkhaving a longitudinal truss extending from the top to the bottom of thebody, and a cabin located at the bottom of the body and projectingtherefrom at the shallow indentation and rigid with the said truss.

17. A flying machine of the class described including a substantiallycircular body provided at the bottom with a shallow longitudinalindentation, an interior framework having a longitudinal truss extendingfrom the top to the bottom of the body throughout the length of the sameand a cabin extending within the body and also projecting exteriorlythereof at the said indentation, said cabin being incorporated in the,truss structure agd located substantially within the radius of the body.

18. A flying machine of the class de-- scribed including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section, an interior framework having atruss extending from the top to the bottom of the body and throughoutthe length of thesame, and a power plant casing connected toand rigidwith the interior framework and arranged exteriorly of the body andcommunicating with the interior thereof.

19. A flying machine of the class described including a bodysubstantially cir cular in cross-section, said body having a shallowindentation at the bottom, an interior framework, and a power plant casing located within the shallow depression and connected to and rigidwith the said framework and communicating with the interior of the body.

20. A flying machine of the class described includmg a bodysubstantially circular 1n Cl'OSS-SGCUOI], an interior framework having atruss extending from the top to the bottom of the body, a cabinprojecting at the bottom of the body and rigid with the interiorframework, and power plant casings located at opposite sides of thecabin and connected with the same and with the framework andcommunicating with the in terior of the body.

21. A flyin machine of the class desscribed including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section, an interior frameworksupporting the body, a cabin projecting at the bottom of the body andrigid with the framework and power plant casings located at oppositesides of the cabin and connected at their inner sides to the cabin andat their tops and outer sides with the framework and communicating withthe interior of the body. I

22. A flying machine of the class described including a bodysubstantiallycin cular in cross-section, said body having a shallowlongitudinal indentation at the bottom, an interior framework supportingthe body, a cabin rigid with the framework and projecting from thebottom of the body at the shallow indentation, and power plant casingslocated at the sides of the cabin and connected with the sameand withthe framework, said cabin and power plant casings being arrangedsubstantially within the radius of the body.

23. A flying machine of the class described including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section provided with a shallowlongitudinal indentation, an interior framework. a cabin projecting fromthe bot tom of the body within the shallow indentation and connectedwith the framework, and steering mechanism located in rear of the cabinand including a fixed vertical plane and a bin ed rudder plane, the rearend of the body Eeing tapered and the said lanes being tapered andfitting the tapere rear end of the body.

24. A flying machine of the class described including a bodysubstantially cirw cular in cross-section, interior framework includinga truss extending from the top to the bottom of the body and throughoutthe length of the same, said body and truss having tapered rearportions, a cabin extending longitudinally of the body at the bottom andconnected with the interior framework and steering mechanism including avertical plane located in rear of the cabin and arranged beneath andconnected with the aid truss and tapered to fit the tapered rear end ofthe body.

25.1-1 flying machine of the class described including a substantiallycircular body, an interior framework having a central, longitudinaltruss and provided with a relatively narrow vertical longitudinalpassage defined by the truss and having walls connected therewith andstiffening the body.

26. A flying machine of the class described including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section, an interior framework having alongitudinal truss extending from the top to the bottom of the body,said framework being also provided with a relatively narrow longitudinalpassage and having lateral extensions, a cabin projecting from thebottom of the body and connecting with the interior framework, and powerplant casings located at opposite sides of the cabin and having tubularportions connected with the lateral extensions of the said passage.

27. A flying machine of the class described, including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section and slightly indented at thebottom to form a shallow longitudinal indentation, an interiorlongitudinal truss, a cabin rigid with the truss and extending therefrominto the indentation, and landing gear connected with the truss and arranged exteriorly of the body.

28. A flying machine of the class described, including a bodysubstantially circular in cross-section and indented at the bottom froma circular shape to provide a shallow longitudinal indentation, aninterior framework having a longitudinal truss extending from the top tothe bottom of the body, a cabin connected with the interior frameworkand extending into the identation, and landing gear arranged exteriorlyof the body at the said indentation and connected with the saidframework.

29. A flying machine of the class described, including a substantiallycircular body in cross-section and slightly indented at the bottom toprovide a shallow bottom longitudinal indentation, an interiorframework, a cabin extending longitudinally of the bottom of the body inthe said indentation and connected with the said framework, power plantcasings located at opposite sides of the cabin, and landing gear locatedat opposite sides of the body and connected with the same and with thepower plant casing.

30. A flying machine of the class described including a substantiallycylindrical body, an interior framework having a central, vertical,longitudinal truss extending from the to to the bottom of the body andcomposed 0 connected vertical and horizontal frame members and diagonalbraces, a cabin extending longitudinally of the bottom of the body andconnected with the framework, power plant casings located at oppositesides of the bottom, and landing gear located at opposite sides of thebody and connected with the same and with the power plant casings.

In testimony whereof ll afix my signature.

THOMAS MILTON FINLEY.

